The soil, that thin layer clothing the Earth’s surface, has meticulously formed over centuries
through the decomposition of rocks, influenced by water, temperature, and wind. This complex
mantle hosts minerals, organic matter, microorganisms, as well as air and water, crucial
elements for life.
- Minerals: These components, essential for plant nutrition, come from the erosion of rocks, gradually disintegrated by elements and microorganisms, or dispersed by wind and water.
- Organic Matter: Vital for moisture retention and rich in nutrients, this substance comes from the decomposition of plant and animal remains.
- Microorganisms: An invisible army of fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms tirelessly works in the decomposition and transformation of organic matter, enriching the soil.
- Soil Fauna: Insects and worms play a crucial role in the soil ecosystem. They assist in organic matter decomposition, improve soil structure by aerating the soil and facilitating water infiltration, benefiting plant growth.
- Water and Air: These vital elements fill the pores between soil particles, directly influencing its structure and, hence, the plant’s ability to root and grow.
Soil is not just a resource; it’s a vibrant ecosystem essential for life on our planet, housing thousands of life forms and maintaining a delicate balance we must protect.